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UID2 Private Operator for GCP Integration Guide

This guide provides information for setting up the UID2 Operator Service in Confidential Space, a confidential computing option from Google Cloud Platform. Confidential Space offers a secure enclave environment, known as a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE).

NOTE: UID2 Private Operator for GCP is not supported in these areas: Europe, China.

The Operator Service runs in a Confidential Space "workload"—a containerized Docker image that runs in a secure cloud-based enclave on top of the Confidential Space image.

When the Docker container for the UID2 Operator Confidential Space starts up, it completes the attestation process that allows the UID2 Core Service to verify the authenticity of the Operator Service and the enclave environment that the Operator Service is running in.

When the attestation is successful, the UID2 Core Service provides seed information such as salts and keys to bootstrap the UID2 Operator in the secure Confidential Space container.

Setup Overview​

At a high level, the setup steps are as follows:

  1. Create your Confidential Space and UID2 Operator accounts and get, or create, the various values that you'll need for configuration and deployment: see Prerequisites.

  2. Review information about deployment environments.

    Best practice is to deploy in the integration environment first, and then the production environment.

  3. Review information about the deployment options available, including the benefits of each, and decide which to use.

    We recommend the Terraform template option.

  4. Follow the applicable instructions for the deployment option you chose, out of the following:

When all steps are complete, your implementation should be up and running.

Prerequisites​

Before setting up your UID2 Operator Service in the Google Cloud Platform using Confidential Space, complete these prerequisite steps:

Confidential Space Account Setup​

You can run the UID2 Operator Service on any GCP account and project. However, to support attestation, you'll need to create a service account that you can use to run Confidential Space virtual machines (VMs).

Before choosing your deployment option, complete these Google Cloud setup steps:

  1. Create the GCP project that you want the UID2 Operator to run in. We recommend creating a new project for the UID2 Operator Service, but you could also use an existing one. Follow these guidelines:

    • Choose a project name; for example, UID2-Operator-Production. You'll use this as the {PROJECT_ID} value in later steps.
    • Make sure that you define a GCP project with billing enabled.

  2. Choose a name for the GCP service account that you'll use to run Confidential Space VMs; for example, uid2-operator. You'll use this as the {SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME} value in later steps.

  3. Install the gcloud CLI, required by both deployment options. Follow the instructions provided by Google: Install the gcloud CLI.

UID2 Operator Account Setup​

Ask your UID2 contact to register your organization as a UID2 Operator. If you're not sure who to ask, see Contact Info.

TIP: It's a good idea to set up an internal email distribution list of individuals who should be kept informed about new versions and any other technical notifications or requests, and provide that as the email contact.

When the registration process is complete, you'll receive the following:

ItemDescription
{OPERATOR_IMAGE}The Docker image URL for the UID2 Private Operator for GCP, used in configuration. The following example is fictitious, but shows what the Docker image URL might look like: https://console.cloud.google.com/artifacts/docker/uid2-prod-project/us/iabtechlab/uid2-operator/sha256:2e4fae98b688002303c6263f7c4bf95344a1d9c15fb5fcf838b59032bb9813f2. Use the image URL provided to you as part of account setup.
NOTE: The image is valid for both deployment environments.
{OPERATOR_KEY}An operator key, exclusive to you, that identifies you with the UID2 service as a private operator. Use this as the OPERATOR_KEY value during configuration. This value is both your unique identifier and a password; store it securely and do not share it.
NOTE: You'll receive a separate operator key for each deployment environment.
InstructionsAdditional information details, such as instructions for setting up VMs or a link to the applicable information.

When UID2 account registration is complete, and you've installed the gcloud CLI, your next steps are:

Deployment Environments​

The following environments are available, and both deployment options support both environments.

As a best practice, we recommend that you test and verify your implementation in the integration environment before deploying in the production environment.

NOTE: You'll receive separate {OPERATOR_KEY} values for each environment. Be sure to use the correct one. The {OPERATOR_IMAGE} value is the same for both environments.

EnvironmentDetails
Integration (integ)For testing only. Debug mode is available in the integration environment.
Production (prod)For managing production traffic. For this environment, we recommend deploying via the Terraform template, with load balancing, and with HTTPS enabled. See Deployment Options.

Deployment Options​

There are two deployment options:

OptionDetails
Terraform templateThis option:
  • Does not require manually setting up a service account. The setup is very simple.
  • Brings up a whole stack with a load balancer and a scaling group.
  • Is easier to maintain and operate than the gcloud option.
  • Is very simple to upgrade.
  • Is the recommended deployment solution.
gcloud CLIThis option:
  • Brings up one VM instance with a public IP address.
  • Can be easier for quick experimentation/evaluation.
  • For multiple instances, requires bringing up each instance manually, by running the command multiple times.
  • Requires setting up the load balancer manually.
  • Is more complex to upgrade, since more manual steps are needed.

Both deployment options support both deployment environments.

To determine your next steps, choose the deployment option you want to use. Then, follow the applicable instructions:

Deploy—Terraform Template​

For ease of deployment and upgrade, you can use a Terraform template to deploy a UID2 Private Operator implementation with load balancing and auto-scaling features. In this scenario, all VM instances run on Confidential Space VMs, and are deployed in multiple availability zones (AZs).

The Terraform template does the following:

  • Activates the required Google Cloud Platform APIs.
  • Sets up a service account to run Confidential Space VMs.
  • Creates a secret to hold the operator_key value.
  • Creates the following components:
    • Network: VPC and subnetwork.
    • Instances: Instance template, instance groups (with auto-scaling enabled).
    • Ingress: Load balancer (with health check), forwarding rules, and firewall rules.
    • Egress: Cloud Network Address Translation (NAT).
  • If HTTPS is enabled, provides your HTTPS certificate to Terraform.

NOTE: The Terraform template uses the gcloud CLI that you installed in Confidential Space Account Setup Step 3.

To deploy a new UID2 Operator in the GCP Confidential Space Enclave, using the Terraform template, follow these steps:

  1. Install Terraform
  2. Set Up the Terraform Environment
  3. Download the Template Files
  4. Provide Input Values
  5. Run Terraform
  6. Test Terraform Using the Health Check Endpoint

For additional information, see:

Install Terraform​

Install Terraform if it is not already installed: visit terraform.io.

Set Up the Terraform Environment​

  1. Create a new project or select an existing one, replacing the {PROJECT_ID} placeholder with your own project ID (see Confidential Space Account Setup):

    gcloud config set project {PROJECT_ID}

  2. Configure the environment for Terraform:

    gcloud auth application-default login

Download the Template Files​

Follow the instructions you receive when your registration process is complete (see UID2 Operator Account Setup) to download the template files listed in the following table.

FileDetails
main.tfThe Terraform template file.
variables.tfContains the definitions for the template input variables, including name, type, and default value.
outputs.tfIncludes output definitions.
terraform.tfvarsContains the values for the template input variables.

Provide Input Values​

Provide values for the input parameters, as needed, in the terraform.tfvars file that you downloaded. Some are required, others are optional.

  1. Provide values for the required input parameters shown in the following table:

    NameTypeDefaultRequiredDescription
    project_idstringn/ayesThe ID of the GCP project that you want the UID2 Operator to run in; for example, UID2-Operator-Production.
    service_account_namestringn/ayesThe name of the service account that you want to use for your UID2 Operator instance in GCP Confidential Space.
    uid_operator_imagestringn/ayesThe Docker image URL for the UID2 Private Operator for GCP, used in configuration, which you received as part of UID2 Operator Account Setup. For example: us-docker.pkg.dev/uid2-prod-project/iabtechlab/uid2-operator@sha256:{IMAGE_SHA}.
    uid_operator_keystringn/ayesThe UID2 operator key, which you received as part of UID2 Operator Account Setup.
    uid_deployment_envstringintegyesValid values: integ for integration environment, prod for production environment.
    Machine type is determined by the deployment environment: integ uses n2d-standard-2 and prod uses n2d-standard-16.

  2. (Optional, strongly recommended) Set the load balancer to HTTPS. Provide values for the parameters shown in the following table:

    NameTypeDefaultRequiredDescription
    sslboolfalsenoTo set the load balancer to use HTTPS, which is recommended, set this flag to true.
    If you're using HTTPS you must also specify values for the certificate and private_key parameters.
    certificatestringn/anoThe contents of the HTTPS certificate. The certificate should be in PEM format.
    For example: file('path/to/certificate.pem').
    Required if ssl is set to true.
    For details, see google_compute_ssl_certificate in the Terraform documentation.
    private_keystringn/anoThe contents of the private key for the HTTPS certificate. The private key should be in PEM format.
    For example: file('path/to/private_key.pem').
    Required if ssl is set to true.
    For details, see google_compute_ssl_certificate in the Terraform documentation.

  3. (Optional) Provide parameter names and values for the additional input parameters shown in the following table. These parameters are always optional, but you might want to modify from the default values to better suit your requirements.

    NameTypeDefaultRequiredDescription
    regionstringus-east1noThe region that you want to deploy to. For a list of valid regions, see Available regions and zones in the Google Cloud documentation.
    NOTE: The UID2 Private Operator implementation for GCP Confidential Space is not supported in these areas: Europe, China.
    network_namestringuid-operatornoThe VPC resource name (also used for rules/ instance tags).
    min_replicasnumber1noIndicates the minimum number of replicas you want to deploy.
    max_replicasnumber5noIndicates the maximum number of replicas you want to deploy.
    uid_operator_key_secret_namestring"secret-operator-key"noThe name that you specify for your operator key secret. The Terraform template creates a secret in the GCP Secret Manager to hold the uid_operator_key value. You can define the name; for example, uid2-operator-operator-key-secret-integ.
    debug_modeboolfalsenoDo not set to true unless you are working with the UID2 team to debug an issue. In any other circumstances, if you set this flag to true, attestation will fail.

Run Terraform​

Run the following:

terraform init
terraform apply

When you run terraform apply, the following file is generated in the same folder: terraform.tfstate. This file stores state information about your managed infrastructure and configuration, and will be used for future maintenance.

NOTE: Be sure to follow the recommended practices for Terraform state files: they are required for maintaining the deployed infrastructure, and they might contain sensitive information. For details, see state in the Terraform documentation.

Test Terraform Using the Health Check Endpoint​

Call the health check endpoint to test the health of your implementation. The expected result is HTTP 200 with a response body of OK.

For instructions, see Health Check—Terraform Template.

Delete All Created Resources​

In a scenario where you want to clean up, you can remove the resources created by the template. For example, you might want to test integ and remove the whole stack later.

To remove all resources created by Terraform, run the following:

terraform destroy

Outputs​

The following table summarizes the output value from the Terraform template.

NameDescription
load_balancer_ipThe public IP address of the load balancer.
You can use this value to perform the health check or to configure the DNS.

Deploy—gcloud CLI​

To deploy a new UID2 Operator in the GCP Confidential Space Enclave using the gcloud CLI, follow these steps.

NOTE: For deployment to the production environment we do not recommend this option. We recommend deploying via the Terraform template, with load balancing, and with HTTPS enabled.

  1. Set Up Service Account Rules and Permissions
  2. Create Secret for the Operator Key in Secret Manager
  3. Update the Script with Valid Values
  4. Run the Script
  5. Test gcloud Using the Health Check Endpoint

Set Up Service Account Rules and Permissions​

To set up and configure the account that you created when you installed the gcloud CLI, complete the following steps. Replace the placeholder values with your own valid values.

  1. Switch to the project that you created in Confidential Space Account Setup:

    $ gcloud config set project {PROJECT_ID}

  2. Enable the following APIs:

    NameDescription
    compute.googleapis.comCompute Engine API
    confidentialcomputing.googleapis.comConfidential Computing API
    logging.googleapis.comCloud Logging API
    secretmanager.googleapis.comService Management API

    Run this command to enable the APIs:

    $ gcloud services enable compute.googleapis.com \
      confidentialcomputing.googleapis.com \
      logging.googleapis.com \
      secretmanager.googleapis.com

  3. Create a service account to run the UID2 Operator Service:

    $ gcloud iam service-accounts create {SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME}

  4. Grant the required permissions to the service account.

    Permissions are shown in the following table.

    PermissionDescription
    confidentialcomputing.workloadUserProvides the permission to generate an attestation token and run a workload in a VM.
    logging.logWriterProvides the permission to write log entries in gcloud logging.
    secretmanager.secretAccessorProvides the permission to access the operator key that is managed in the GCP Secret Manager.

    Grant the confidentialcomputing.workloadUser permission:

    $ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding {PROJECT_ID} \
      --member=serviceAccount:{SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME}@{PROJECT_ID}.iam.gserviceaccount.com \
      --role=roles/confidentialcomputing.workloadUser

    Grant the logging.logWriter permission:

    $ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding {PROJECT_ID} \
      --member=serviceAccount:{SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME}@{PROJECT_ID}.iam.gserviceaccount.com \
      --role=roles/logging.logWriter

    Grant the secretmanager.secretAccessor permission:

    $ gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding {PROJECT_ID} \
      --member=serviceAccount:{SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME}@{PROJECT_ID}.iam.gserviceaccount.com \
      --role=roles/secretmanager.secretAccessor

  5. Add a VPC rule to allow public access on port 8080, the default exposed port for the UID2 operator:

    $ gcloud compute firewall-rules create operator-tcp \
      --direction=INGRESS --priority=1000 --network=default --action=ALLOW \
      --rules=tcp:8080 \
      --source-ranges=0.0.0.0/0 \
      --target-service-accounts={SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME}@{PROJECT_ID}.iam.gserviceaccount.com

Create Secret for the Operator Key in Secret Manager​

As part of setting up your UID2 account (see UID2 Operator Account Setup), you'll receive an operator key for each environment.

The next step is to store the {OPERATOR_KEY} value in GCP Secret Manager and get a full secret name for it, which you later use to replace the {OPERATOR_KEY_SECRET_FULL_NAME} placeholder in the deployment script (see Update the Script with Valid Values).

Follow these steps:

  1. Run the following script, which creates a new secret, first customizing with your own values:

    OPERATOR_KEY="{OPERATOR_KEY}"
    echo -n $OPERATOR_KEY | gcloud secrets create {OPERATOR_KEY_SECRET_NAME} \
         --replication-policy="automatic" \
       --data-file=-

    1. Prepare the script, using your own values:

      • For {OPERATOR_KEY}, use your own operator key value for the environment.
      • For {OPERATOR_KEY_SECRET_NAME}, specify the name you want to use for your API secret, for this environment. For example: uid2-operator-operator-key-secret-integ.

    2. Run the script.

      The script creates the secret in GCP Secret Manager. The secret (display) name is {OPERATOR_KEY_SECRET_NAME} and the secret value is {OPERATOR_KEY}.

  2. Run the following command to get the full secret name, including the path, first customizing with your own values:

    $ gcloud secrets versions describe latest --secret {OPERATOR_KEY_SECRET_NAME} --format 'value(name)'

In this example, the full secret name might be: projects/111111111111/secrets/uid2-operator-operator-key-secret-integ/versions/1. This is the value that you would use to replace the {OPERATOR_KEY_SECRET_FULL_NAME} placeholder in the next section.

Update the Script with Valid Values​

Update the example script, using your own valid values instead of the placeholder values.

This section includes:

Placeholder Values and Definitions​

Placeholder values are defined in the following table.

PlaceholderActual Value
{INSTANCE_NAME}Your own valid VM name.
{ZONE}The Google Cloud zone that the VM instance will be deployed on.
{SERVICE_ACCOUNT}The service account email that you created as part of creating your account, in this format: {SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME}@{PROJECT_ID}.iam.gserviceaccount.com.
For details, see Set Up Service Account Rules and Permissions (Step 4).
{OPERATOR_IMAGE}The Docker image URL for the UID2 Private Operator for GCP, used in configuration.
For details, see UID2 Operator Account Setup.
{OPERATOR_KEY_SECRET_FULL_NAME}The full name that you specified for the Operator Key secret (see Create Secret for the Operator Key in Secret Manager), including the path, in the format projects/<project_id>/secrets/<secret_id>/versions/<version>. For example: projects/111111111111/secrets/uid2-operator-operator-key-secret-integ/versions/1.
Sample Deployment Script—Integ​

The following example of the deployment script for the integration environment uses some placeholder values.

$ gcloud compute instances create {INSTANCE_NAME} \
  --zone {ZONE} \
  --machine-type n2d-standard-2 \
  --confidential-compute \
  --shielded-secure-boot \
  --maintenance-policy Terminate \
  --scopes cloud-platform \
  --image-project confidential-space-images \
  --image-family confidential-space \
  --service-account {SERVICE_ACCOUNT} \
  --metadata ^~^tee-image-reference={OPERATOR_IMAGE}~tee-restart-policy=Never~tee-env-DEPLOYMENT_ENVIRONMENT=integ~tee-env-API_TOKEN_SECRET_NAME={OPERATOR_KEY_SECRET_FULL_NAME}
Sample Deployment Script—Prod​

The following example of the deployment script for the production environment uses some placeholder values.

NOTE: A machine-type value of n2d-standard-16 is required for the production environment.

$ gcloud compute instances create {INSTANCE_NAME} \
  --zone {ZONE} \
  --machine-type n2d-standard-16 \
  --confidential-compute \
  --shielded-secure-boot \
  --maintenance-policy Terminate \
  --scopes cloud-platform \
  --image-project confidential-space-images \
  --image-family confidential-space \
  --service-account {SERVICE_ACCOUNT} \
  --metadata ^~^tee-image-reference={OPERATOR_IMAGE}~tee-restart-policy=Never~tee-env-DEPLOYMENT_ENVIRONMENT=prod~tee-env-API_TOKEN_SECRET_NAME={OPERATOR_KEY_SECRET_FULL_NAME}

Run the Script​

When the script is ready, with the additional valid values, run it.

Test gcloud Using the Health Check Endpoint​

Call the health check endpoint to test the health of your implementation. The expected result is HTTP 200 with a response body of OK.

For instructions, see Health Check—gcloud CLI.

Tasks​

This section provides instructions for completing the following tasks. Where applicable, instructions are provided for both environments. It includes:

Running the Health Check​

Call the health check endpoint to test the health of your implementation.

Running the health check is the same for the integration and production environments, except for the endpoints.

Follow the applicable instructions depending on the deployment option you chose:

Health Check—Terraform Template​

The following example shows the health check for the Terraform template option:

  1. Get the public IP address for the load balancer:

    terraform output load_balancer_ip

  2. To test operator status, in your browser, go to the health check endpoint: http://{IP}/ops/healthcheck.

    An HTTP 200 with a response body of OK indicates healthy status.

Health Check—gcloud CLI​

The following example shows the health check for the gcloud command line option:

  1. Get the public IP address of the deployed instance:

    $ gcloud compute instances describe {INSTANCE_NAME} \
      --format='get(networkInterfaces[0].accessConfigs[0].natIP)'

  2. To test operator status, in your browser, go to http://{IP}:8080/ops/healthcheck.

    An HTTP 200 with a response body of OK indicates healthy status.

Private Operator Attestation Failure​

When a private operator fails to attest with the core service, one of the following actions happens:

  • HTTP 401 response. The Private Operator terminates itself immediately.
    • Likely Causes: API key revoked or incorrect.
  • Any other non-200 response code. The Private Operator continues to function for 12 hours. If the issue is not resolved in this time frame, it terminates itself.
    • Likely Causes: Core service issues, network issues.

Private Operator hosts must have infrastructure in place to handle alerting and restarting operators in the case of an error.

Upgrading​

When a new version of UID2 Google Cloud Platform Confidential Space is released, private operators receive an email notification of the update, with a new image version. There is a window of time for upgrade, after which the older version is deactivated and is no longer supported.

If you're upgrading to a new version, the upgrade process depends on the deployment option you chose. Follow the applicable steps:

Upgrading—Terraform Template​

If you deployed using the Terraform template, all you need to do to upgrade is update your deployment with the new {OPERATOR_IMAGE} that you received in the upgrade notification.

Upgrading—gcloud CLI​

If you deployed using the gcloud CLI, you must manually bring up new instances that use the new {OPERATOR_IMAGE} and then shut down old instances.

If you previously set up a load balancer manually, you'll also need to update the mapping for the load balancer.